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H-bridge DC motor controller circuit. BDC motor controller circuit design depends on the type of signal, power regulation, control system, and other features. You can choose among various options based on your technical specifications and budget limits.
When selecting a DC motor, you need to consider several characteristics that specify the electrical properties of the motor. This includes:
We can order the PCB from JLCPCB which are the PCB fabrication service of EasyEDA, and also they are the sponsor of this video.
In the circuit diagram, slider of the potentiometer is connected to analog input pin A0 of arduino. Resistor R1 limits the base current of the transistor Q1.
The field coils can be paralleled with additional winding to obtain the required speed. It can also be done by regrouping the field coils in the motor, as shown below.
There are different types of speed control of dc motor. Let us discuss, how the speed can be controlled with the above parameters.
will increase and subsequently motor speed will decrease. Thus the speed can be controlled by varying the resistance in the diverter.
The direction of the motor’s spin can be changed by swapping the wires connected on either terminal of the DC motor. If the motor runs by itself and not when connected to the resistor, the value of the resistor is too high for the motor and a lower resistance is needed.
And by using the inverter circuitry to also adjust the voltage into each coil, we can in addition control the magnitude of the current. A typical way to adjust the voltage is with pulse width modulation (PWM). In this approach, we alter the voltage by lengthening or reducing the pulse ON time (also referred to as the “duty cycle”: the ON time expressed as a ratio of the ON+OFF switching interval).
In the schematic diagram as shown, we have used a general purpose transistor 2N2222 to drive the DC motor. The Arduino UNO can supply current in the range from 20mA to 40mA which might not be enough for driving DC motors. It depends upon the DC motor you are using. If your DC motor requires high current input, specially if the stall current is high, then you should probably use darlington transistor like TIP120(recommended) or motor driver IC like L293/L293D or L298.
The armature control method is used where speed below the pelo-load speed is required. It also has poor speed regulation and low efficiency.
This PWM of timer is fed to the signal pin of L239D h-bridge to drive the DC motor. With the varying PWM ratio we get varying RMS terminal voltage and so the speed.
It induces a variable voltage in the generator. The variable voltage is given as the input for the DC motor, which makes the main motor to rotate at different speeds.
So far, however, we have not looked at another important feature of these motors: their positional sensors. Because BLDC motor control must be coordinated with the rotor (magnet) position, these motors typically also include sensors to detect this position.
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